Recently I have made a research about the paper… where I research generally on what is paper, the process of making, and also I touch a little bit on the conservation aspect. For this entry I would like to some of the information and knowledge that I know based on the topic.
As an introduction I will explain what my purpose on the research is. Paper has a rich, colorful history which has spanned the world's geography and its cultures. Paper is defined by Noah Webster as "a substance made in the form of thin sheets or leaves from rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, for various uses." Paper is widely used for its eco friendly nature and the traces of history are left in different cultures. Paper also is a medium where all the information is transmitting into it. From this we can see evolution of medium use for writing starting from leaves until the paper we used today. There are many article and finding talk about process of paper making process either traditional or modern (manufacture). The study that has been made by them was a new discovery of the way of how paper was made and there were also different between period and region.
The strength of this is study is to identify and study the strength and the differences of type of paper making technique neither traditional nor modern (manufacture).Different countries have their own process when it comes to traditional handmade paper making. The advances of the technology also contribute into the changing of the paper making process. From that, new kinds of techniques were introduced and we can see the different between traditional handmade paper making and modern technique. From the finding, it can identify what types of material use and technique apply. It can lead into the indentified the type of method can be used when it comes to conservation and preservation cases.
Before we start study on the paper making, we need to understand the BASIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PAPER itself. There are FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PAPER which are adhesion, hydrophilic properties, cohesion of the fibre and quality of absorption. The common basic characteristics is the ability of absorbing water, can work together with water without dissolving and the ability of the fibre to grip each other( Barkeshli 2009).
According to Agrawal & Barkesli (1997), physical characteristics of every sheet of paper ‘judge by (its) color, opaqueness, smoothness, surface- texture, shiftiness or limpness, and water and oil repellency’. there are three factor in determines PAPER PROPERTIES: the nature of fibre, the fibre pulp preparation in the presence of water and the sheet of formation, drying and sizing method. Usually the strength of paper depend on two things which are strength of the individual fibres an the strength of the bonds between them’ as the bonds between each and. every fibre in the paper depend by hydrogenous content.
Now we moved into the types of paper making .There are two types of the paper making that I stress on which are handmade paper are making technique and machine or manufacturing paper making technique.
RAW MATERIAL is important in paper making. The reason is, from the different kind of raw material it lead to the differences based on quality, color, texture, and process making.
Cellulose is a main material used in paper making. At the present manufacture production is done from wood-pulp and for handmade the raw material use like:
1. Hemp
2. Ramie
3. Cotton
4. Reeds and bamboo
5. Bast fibres
All the different types of raw material have to be purified and made into pulp by chemical or mechanical means.
a. Bamboo
Bamboo is of the common plant use in Asian region in making paper .the bamboo were cut into small pieces before pulp are made.
The process of making also same whereby the pulp were soaking, beating, mixing with lime water to separate the fibre .the unique of bamboo pulp is it produces good wrapping paper and also can be used in printing as well as writing medium (Agrawal & Barkesli, 2007)
b. cotton fibres
Commonly this material obtained from old rags or new cotton waste from the industry. At first all the cutting and rags were cutting into small pieces before soaked in solution of lime water. Then the material was cooked and pounded with hand mills or wooden pedals. After all the material were mixed together, the pulp were poured into in cotton cloth and washed well in a tank or in running water, after done, if needed pulp can be bleached or colored with dyes to prepare colored paper.
As an introduction I will explain what my purpose on the research is. Paper has a rich, colorful history which has spanned the world's geography and its cultures. Paper is defined by Noah Webster as "a substance made in the form of thin sheets or leaves from rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, for various uses." Paper is widely used for its eco friendly nature and the traces of history are left in different cultures. Paper also is a medium where all the information is transmitting into it. From this we can see evolution of medium use for writing starting from leaves until the paper we used today. There are many article and finding talk about process of paper making process either traditional or modern (manufacture). The study that has been made by them was a new discovery of the way of how paper was made and there were also different between period and region.
The strength of this is study is to identify and study the strength and the differences of type of paper making technique neither traditional nor modern (manufacture).Different countries have their own process when it comes to traditional handmade paper making. The advances of the technology also contribute into the changing of the paper making process. From that, new kinds of techniques were introduced and we can see the different between traditional handmade paper making and modern technique. From the finding, it can identify what types of material use and technique apply. It can lead into the indentified the type of method can be used when it comes to conservation and preservation cases.
Before we start study on the paper making, we need to understand the BASIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PAPER itself. There are FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PAPER which are adhesion, hydrophilic properties, cohesion of the fibre and quality of absorption. The common basic characteristics is the ability of absorbing water, can work together with water without dissolving and the ability of the fibre to grip each other( Barkeshli 2009).
According to Agrawal & Barkesli (1997), physical characteristics of every sheet of paper ‘judge by (its) color, opaqueness, smoothness, surface- texture, shiftiness or limpness, and water and oil repellency’. there are three factor in determines PAPER PROPERTIES: the nature of fibre, the fibre pulp preparation in the presence of water and the sheet of formation, drying and sizing method. Usually the strength of paper depend on two things which are strength of the individual fibres an the strength of the bonds between them’ as the bonds between each and. every fibre in the paper depend by hydrogenous content.
Now we moved into the types of paper making .There are two types of the paper making that I stress on which are handmade paper are making technique and machine or manufacturing paper making technique.
RAW MATERIAL is important in paper making. The reason is, from the different kind of raw material it lead to the differences based on quality, color, texture, and process making.
Cellulose is a main material used in paper making. At the present manufacture production is done from wood-pulp and for handmade the raw material use like:
1. Hemp
2. Ramie
3. Cotton
4. Reeds and bamboo
5. Bast fibres
All the different types of raw material have to be purified and made into pulp by chemical or mechanical means.
a. Bamboo
Bamboo is of the common plant use in Asian region in making paper .the bamboo were cut into small pieces before pulp are made.
The process of making also same whereby the pulp were soaking, beating, mixing with lime water to separate the fibre .the unique of bamboo pulp is it produces good wrapping paper and also can be used in printing as well as writing medium (Agrawal & Barkesli, 2007)
b. cotton fibres
Commonly this material obtained from old rags or new cotton waste from the industry. At first all the cutting and rags were cutting into small pieces before soaked in solution of lime water. Then the material was cooked and pounded with hand mills or wooden pedals. After all the material were mixed together, the pulp were poured into in cotton cloth and washed well in a tank or in running water, after done, if needed pulp can be bleached or colored with dyes to prepare colored paper.
This is only some of the research I have made. Any question and information to share just email me at namidot_onepiece@yahoo.com....
P/s: all the detail of the research I will post is by stages…coz I’m still not done yet ….wish me luck and pray for my success…thanks…..
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